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Central pain syndrome is characterized primarily by constant pain that can fluctuate in intensity, often accompanied by episodes of increased, more severe pain. This condition arises due to damage or dysfunction in the central nervous system, commonly following a stroke, multiple sclerosis, or spinal cord injury.

Those experiencing central pain syndrome often describe their pain as persistent and widespread, differing from intermittent or localized pain experiences. The bursts of more severe pain, often referred to as "attacks," can be triggered by various stimuli, making the pain experience complex and multifaceted.

Understanding this characterization helps clarify how central pain syndrome impacts daily life, as patients report not only the unrelenting nature of their discomfort but also the unpredictability of heightened pain levels. This understanding is crucial for effective management and therapeutic approaches tailored to the needs of individuals suffering from this syndrome.