American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

How frequently should patients receiving tenofovir have urinalysis due to potential nephrotoxicity?

1. Every 3 to 6 months

2. Every 6 to 12 months

3. Every 12 to 18 months

4. Every year

The correct answer is: Every 6 to 12 months

Patients receiving tenofovir should have their urinalysis performed every 6 to 12 months due to the potential nephrotoxicity associated with this medication. Tenofovir, an antiviral medication used primarily in the treatment of HIV and chronic hepatitis B, has been shown to cause renal impairment, particularly in patients who may already have risk factors for kidney disease. Routine urinalysis is important in monitoring for early signs of nephrotoxicity, which can manifest as proteinuria or glycosuria. Detecting changes in urinary findings can allow for timely intervention, including dosage adjustments or discontinuation of the medication if necessary, reducing the risk of severe kidney damage. This monitoring frequency of every 6 to 12 months is generally considered appropriate based on clinical guidelines and available evidence, ensuring that the patient's renal function is maintained as safely as possible while on tenofovir.