American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

Individuals with hereditary hemochromatosis are at increased risk for infection with which of the following?

1. Escherichia coli

2. Vibrio vulnificus

3. Staphylococcus aureus

4. Salmonella typhi

The correct answer is: Vibrio vulnificus

Hereditary hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder characterized by excessive iron accumulation in the body, which can lead to various health issues, including liver disease, diabetes, and heart problems. One of the significant complications associated with this condition is an increased susceptibility to certain infections due to the high iron levels in the body, which can provide a nutrient-rich environment for certain pathogens. Individuals with hereditary hemochromatosis are particularly at risk for infections with Vibrio vulnificus, a bacterium commonly found in warm seawater, especially in raw or undercooked seafood. Iron overload can affect the immune system's ability to fight infections, making those who have this condition more vulnerable to the pathologies associated with Vibrio vulnificus. This organism can cause severe illness, especially in individuals with compromised health, liver disease, or excess iron due to conditions like hereditary hemochromatosis. The link between iron overload and the increased risk of Vibrio infections is well-documented in clinical literature, as these cases have been prevalent among individuals with hemochromatosis who consume raw or undercooked shellfish. Therefore, recognizing the connection involves understanding how excess iron can compromise immune responses and create favorable conditions for certain bacterial infections. While