American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

What is a potential consequence of untreated amebiasis?

1. Mild diarrhea

2. Hemorrhagic colitis

3. Prolonged constipation

4. Short-term weight gain

The correct answer is: Hemorrhagic colitis

Untreated amebiasis can lead to significant complications, one of which is hemorrhagic colitis. Amebiasis, caused primarily by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica, can result in severe intestinal inflammation and ulcers. If the infection progresses without appropriate treatment, it can cause extensive damage to the intestinal lining, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea with blood and mucus, abdominal pain, and in severe cases, perforation of the colon. Hemorrhagic colitis describes the inflammation of the colon that is characterized by bleeding, which aligns with the potential severe outcome of an untreated amebic infection. The inflammatory process can lead to the erosion of blood vessels in the colon, causing significant bleeding. The other options, such as mild diarrhea, prolonged constipation, or short-term weight gain, do not accurately reflect the severe complications associated with untreated amebiasis. Mild diarrhea may occur during an initial stage, but it is not a significant consequence, whereas constipation and weight gain are not typically consequences related to this parasitic infection. Therefore, hemorrhagic colitis is a critical consequence that underscores the importance of proper diagnosis and treatment of amebiasis.