American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

What screenings should all patients with HIV be evaluated for concerning other infections?

1. Active tuberculosis

2. Active hepatitis B and C

3. Syphilis

4. Gonorrhea

The correct answer is: Active hepatitis B and C

Patients with HIV should be evaluated for active hepatitis B and C as part of their routine care because these viral infections can significantly complicate the management of HIV and can affect treatment outcomes. Hepatitis B and C co-infections are prevalent among individuals with HIV due to shared transmission pathways. Furthermore, chronic hepatitis can lead to liver disease, which is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-positive patients. Identifying and management of hepatitis B and C can improve the overall prognosis for patients with HIV, as controlling these infections can result in better liver health, reduced risk of drug interactions, and more effective antiretroviral therapy. Regular screening ensures that patients receive timely treatment for these hepatitis infections if they are present, which is crucial for maintaining long-term health. Although conditions like active tuberculosis, syphilis, and gonorrhea are also important to screen for in patients with HIV, the significant impact of hepatitis B and C on the overall care and health outcomes for these patients accentuates the necessity of prioritizing their screening.