American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

Which of the following is a common treatment for patients with rhabdomyolysis?

1. Aggressive intravenous isotonic fluid resuscitation

2. Immediate surgical intervention

3. Administration of corticosteroids

4. Antibiotic therapy

The correct answer is: Aggressive intravenous isotonic fluid resuscitation

Aggressive intravenous isotonic fluid resuscitation is considered a standard treatment for patients with rhabdomyolysis. This condition often leads to the release of myoglobin into the bloodstream as a result of muscle tissue breakdown, which can cause kidney damage. The primary goal of fluid resuscitation is to increase urine output and dilute the concentrations of myoglobin in the renal tubules, thereby reducing the risk of acute kidney injury. By aggressively administering intravenous fluids, healthcare providers aim to maintain a high urine output, which can help to flush out the myoglobin from the kidneys. Monitoring and maintaining adequate hydration is essential to prevent complications associated with rhabdomyolysis, including its potential to cause electrolyte imbalances and acute kidney injury. Other treatment options, such as surgical intervention, corticosteroids, or antibiotics, may not specifically address the underlying pathophysiology of rhabdomyolysis or its immediate complications. Therefore, fluid resuscitation remains the cornerstone of management in these patients.