American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

How often should surveillance imaging be performed for patients with Marfan syndrome and aortic root dilation?

1. Every month

2. Annually, after the first 6 months

3. Every 6 months after diagnosis

4. Only when symptoms develop

The correct answer is: Every 6 months after diagnosis

Regular surveillance imaging for patients with Marfan syndrome who have aortic root dilation is crucial for monitoring the progression of cardiovascular complications associated with the condition. Given the risk of aortic dilation and its potential for dissection or rupture, timely detection of any changes is necessary for appropriate management. After the initial evaluation, it is generally recommended that these patients undergo echocardiograms every six months. This frequency allows for close monitoring of the aortic root size and other associated cardiovascular abnormalities. By performing imaging every six months, healthcare providers can make informed decisions regarding intervention strategies, including the timing of aortic surgery if dilation reaches critical levels. This careful monitoring contrasts with less frequent imaging schedules, such as annual imaging after the first six months or only monitoring when symptoms develop, both of which could delay crucial intervention. Regular six-month intervals ensure that any significant changes in the aortic root can be identified and managed promptly, thus reducing the risk of serious complications associated with Marfan syndrome.