American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

What is a significant risk associated with high intake of raw seafood in individuals with hereditary hemochromatosis?

1. Chronic liver disease

2. Vibrio vulnificus infection

3. Food poisoning from shellfish

4. Chronic pancreatitis

The correct answer is: Vibrio vulnificus infection

High intake of raw seafood poses a significant risk for individuals with hereditary hemochromatosis primarily due to the potential for Vibrio vulnificus infection. Hereditary hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder that leads to iron overload in the body, which can result in damage to various organs, particularly the liver, pancreas, and heart. Individuals with this condition exhibit a compromised immune response, making them more susceptible to infections, including those caused by Vibrio vulnificus, a bacterium found in warm seawater and often present in raw or undercooked shellfish. The ingestion of raw seafood can introduce this pathogen, which can cause severe illness, particularly in those with underlying liver disease or immune dysfunction. While chronic liver disease is a consequence of untreated hereditary hemochromatosis, it is not directly linked to the consumption of raw seafood. Food poisoning is a general concern with shellfish but does not specifically highlight the unique risk posed by Vibrio vulnificus. Chronic pancreatitis is also not directly associated with raw seafood consumption in this context. Thus, the specific risk of Vibrio vulnificus infection is the most pertinent concern for individuals with hereditary hemochromatosis when consuming raw seafood.