American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM) Certification Practice Exam

When should antibiotic treatment be considered for a furuncle?

1. In patients with normal immune function

2. In patients who are symptomatic with systemic infection signs

3. For all types of skin infections

4. Only when a furuncle is on the leg

The correct answer is: In patients who are symptomatic with systemic infection signs

Antibiotic treatment for a furuncle, or boil, is indicated in cases where the patient exhibits signs of systemic infection. This includes symptoms such as fever, chills, or other evidence that the infection is spreading beyond the localized area. In patients with systemic infection signs, the body’s immune response may be overwhelmed, and antibiotics can help to control the infection and prevent serious complications. In contrast, antibiotics are generally not needed in patients with normal immune function who have uncomplicated furuncles, as these can often resolve with proper drainage and local care. Additionally, not all types of skin infections require antibiotics, and they are not indicated solely based on the location of the furuncle, such as if it is on the leg. The decision to use antibiotics should be guided by the presence of systemic symptoms rather than characteristics of the furuncle alone.